Judge ends federal oversight over Oakland PD after 23 years, longest in US history

OAKLAND, Calif. - A federal judge on Tuesday ended court oversight over the Oakland Police Department, thus closing out a chapter on the longest oversight in U.S. history. 

Oakland police federal oversight ends

What we know:

U.S. District Court Judge William H. Orrick said he is dismissing the 23-year-old historic lawsuit against the city with prejudice. 

And he said that oversight over the police department should not come from a federal courtroom – it should come from the people.

He said he did not want to extend oversight for another year, as was proposed by some. 

"It's important for the federal court to get out of the way," Orrick said. 

What this means is that the civil rights attorneys who sued Oakland nearly a quarter-century ago, and the federal monitor and judge, no longer have a say over what OPD does. 

What we don't know:

Instead, the Oakland Police Commission – a body of citizen volunteers – will take on that role, despite cries from some community members that it is underfunded, something the mayor told the judge she would address. 

But how this will play out exactly remains to be seen. 

And in a rare address, federal monitor Robert Warshaw spoke in the courtroom, remembering the "horrific" time more than 20 years ago when Black and brown men were humiliated, and police officers couldn't police themselves. 

Over time, however, Warshaw said he saw improvements in supervision, technology, and accountability in police leaders. He thanked a myriad of people for their work over the years, from former Oakland Mayor Jean Quan to Rashidah Grinage, who is a founding member of the Coalition for Police Accountability, the group responsible for the police commission. 

"Please strive for excellence," Warshaw said out loud to the officers. "Today is not a ceiling. It's a floor. It's not the end of something. It's a beginning." 

OPD had slipped

Dig deeper:

Orrick had been poised to end the oversight outright until Warshaw noted last month that OPD had slipped on one of its 51 police reforms it was mandated to complete when Oakland entered a "Negotiated Settlement Agreement" in 2003. 

Specifically, Warshaw found that during the first three months of 2026, OPD completed 83% of its most serious Internal Affairs investigations within the required six-month timeframe. The benchmark is 85%. 

At the hearing, Oakland Police Chief James Beere told the judge that many of these IA cases started to occur in 2024 and 2025.

And he explained that he didn't want to sacrifice the integrity of the IA investigations for the sake of a timeline. 

Many of these cases are officer-involved shootings, and he cited the fact that some officers have been criminally charged stemming from these investigations. 

These cases are complex and far-reaching, Beere said, and the expectations of these cases are different than they were long ago. 

Still, Beere said he takes full responsibility, and noted that there is much better communication with the city as these cases progress. He said he is still working on improving technology to further streamline the process. 

"We did slip a little bit," Beere told the judge. "But we own our mistakes." 

Civil rights attorneys ‘cautiously optimistic’

What they're saying:

Before the judge's decision, civil rights attorneys Jim Chanin and John Burris, who sued Oakland in 2000 over what's known as the Riders scandal where some police officers were accused of beating up and framing Black and brown men, had urged the judge to extend oversight for one more year, putting the Oakland Police Commission as the lead oversight body during this period. 

The officers were acquitted in criminal court, but as a result of that infamous civil lawsuit, formally known as Delphine v. Allen, the city of Oakland agreed to make 51 police reforms.

Over the last two decades, OPD has worked on achieving those reforms, often making progress and then slipping, causing the oversight to extend past its estimated 5-year deadline to 23 years. 

Still, Chanin had reservations about that 2% slip, noting to the judge that the benchmark is 85% – not %100 – and that means more cases than what has been audited are not completed within the mandatory 180 days. 

Chanin also had qualms with the fact that Black officers are disciplined at twice the rate as white officers. 

Still, he said he was "cautiously willing to end the NSA today." 

He recalled that in the first nine years of the settlement, the city of Oakland and OPD "did absolutely nothing, hoping we would go away."

Finally, when Sean Whent became police chief in 2013, Chanin said OPD began "taking us seriously," and made "steady" progress "with some hiccups." 

Burris referenced Greek mythology in his speech to the judge; saying he and Chanin had "pushed the rock" as far as they could up the mountain, and now it's OPD's turn.

"I have concerns. I am not of the view that everything is perfect," Burris said. "But at this point, it's the city's turn."

He said he feels comfortable now that the current officers on staff won't pull people over just because they're Black or brown. He said he now feels officers are properly supervised, and the command staff have a sense of accountability. 

And if things go wrong, Burris said he'll do what he always does: "I'll sue." 

Oakland, OPD say they're ready

The other side:

Most all the other stakeholders, however, including Beere, Oakland Mayor Barbara Lee, former Mayor Libby Schaaf, former police chief LeRonne Armstrong, the head of the Oakland police union, and many other community groups, including Safe Oakland, wanted oversight to finally end. 

"This is a different police department today," Rockne Lucia Jr., the attorney who represents the police union, told the judge.

Lucia noted that in the beginning, more than 20 years ago, he and the civil rights attorneys were "arch enemies."

But he then credited both of them for not infringing on the union's due process rights and "their fortitude in bringing this to conclusion."

Lucia also said that the officers have come to "embrace" the goals of the reforms and are optimistic about the current leadership, and will hold constitutional policing at its "highest order." 

After the court hearing, the Oakland police union said this was a new beginning for the department and the city.

"This has been a long road," said the new interim union president, Cesar Leyva. "The end of federal oversight marks an important new beginning for the Oakland Police Department. It recognizes the progress that has been made and returns responsibility for the future of policing in Oakland to the department, the city and the community it serves."

Oakland's special counsel, Brigid Martin, began her speech to the judge by saying "there has been a lot of uncertainty about what will happen today."

But what isn't uncertain, she vowed, is what Oakland will do in the future: She said the police reforms made over the last 23 years are "not a temporary obligation. It's the core of Oakland's policing model." 

Oakland Police DepartmentOakland